In order to answer these questions, we elicited a version of the World Loanword Database (WOLD) inventory of lexical concepts (see Haspelmath, Martin and Uri Tadmor (eds.) 2009, Loanwords in the World's languages: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter). This inventory contains a large number of concepts ordered in 24 conceptual fields. Our list contains 1419 concepts that are based on this inventory with minor modifications (i.e., adaptations to the Urum cultural environment).
The native speaker was instructed as follows: “I will present you a sentence in Russian. Imagine that you are speaking to an Urum speaker and try to express the very same message in your language. Do not worry if you need to use words from foreign languages for this purpose. Just express this message spontaneously as you would do in speaking with another Urum speaker.”
The native speaker was then presented a sentential example in the contact language (Russian) that contained the target word.
The sentential examples are developed complying with following rules:
A. Non-relational entities are encoded in the contact language as subjects.
Target concept: “goat”
Sentential frame: “The goat is clever.”
B. Relational entities are encoded in the contact language as subjects possessed by a third person.
Target concept: “nose”
Sentential frame: “Her nose is beautiful.”
C. Properties and events are encoded in the contact language as predicates.
Target concept: “big”
Sentential frame: “The cow is big.”
Target concept: “wake up”
Sentential frame: “Maria wakes up.”
The list of 1419 sentential frames was translated by four native speakers in order to allow for a preliminary estimation of the between-subject variation.